Most probably due to already a lot of carbon deposits inside the combustion chamber. The sharp peaks of the carbon deposits easily heats up hence may cause abnormal ignition of fuel and causes detonation/knocking. The carbon deposits also slightly increase compression due to making the combustion chamber volume a bit smaller, hence also increase the risk of knocking. So you may need to retard the timing even further.
A lean fuel mixture also increase tendency to detonation, so you may also need to check your air/fuel ratio or lambda reading and make it slightly richer to combat detonation.
Of course, doing those would likely result in less responsive performance and higher fuel consumption. You may also try some carbon cleaning before doing any adjustments to at least reduce the carbon deposits a little and improve a bit. But if the deposits are already to much then it wont help much as well and you need to do a top haul to clean it 100%.
Btw CMIIW since I'm no mechanic. :)